Acronym Definition
AHPM American Human Potential Movement
AHPM American Home Product Medicine
AHPM Academy for Health & Productivity Management
AHPM Allied Health Professions Medical
AHPM La Asociación Hotelera de Playa de Muro
AHPM American Hazard Process Management
AHPM American Hazardous Process Material
AHPM American Hazardous Production Material (1997 Uniform Fire Code)
AHPM American Health and Productivity Management
AHPM American High Performance Magazine
AHPM American High Performance Motor
AHPM American High Polymer Molecular
AHPM American High Power Microwave
AHPM A High Pressure Mercury
AHPM American Historical Photographs of Mining
AHPM A Hole-Potential Model
AHPM American Human Performance Modeling
AHPM American Hybrid Power Module
AHPM American Hyper Page Mode
AHPM Academy of Hospice Physicians Management
AHPM Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (Virox Technologies Inc.) Management
AHPM Accountable Health Plan Management
AHPM Advanced Helicopter Pilotage Management
AHPM Advent Health Plan Management
AHPM After Hours Program Management
AHPM Agence Haitienne de Presse Management
AHPM Air (High Pressure) Management
AHPM Air Horsepower Management
AHPM Allied Health Professions Management
AHPM Allied Hydrographic Publication Management
AHPM Alone Hunting Predators (gaming community) Management
AHPM Alpha Portland Cement Company (former stock symbol; now delisted)
Management
AHPM American Herbal Pharmacopoeia Management
AHPM American Highway Project Management
AHPM American Home Products Corporation Management
AHPM American Horse Publications Management
AHPM American Horse Publications, Inc. Management
AHPM Analytical Hierarchy Process Management
AHPM Angostura Hydroelectric Project (Costa Rica) Management
AHPM Arizona Highway Patrol Management
AHPM Arkansas Highway Police Management
AHPM Army Heliport Management
AHPM Army Home Page Management
AHPM Association for Healthcare Philanthropy Management
AHPM Association for Humanistic Psychology Management
AHPM Association Health Plan Management
AHPM Association of Health Plans Management
AHPM Austrian Help Program Management
AHPM Austrian Hydro Power AG Management
AHPM Auxiliary Hydraulic Power Management
AHPM Average Hole-Potential Management
AHPM Average Hydrostatic Pressure Management
AHPM Awards, Honors, and Prizes Management
AHPM Evacuation Hospital Ship Management
AHPM Ampere-Hour PM
AHPM Abbie Hoffman (activist) PM
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AHPM ácido hialurónico PM
AHPM Acronym Hell PM
AHPM Ad Honorem (Latin: in honor of, epigraphy) PM
AHPM Adaptive Hypermedia PM
AHPM Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia PM
AHPM Add Halfword (IBM) PM
AHPM Address Handling (3GPP function of the CSCF) PM
AHPM Advanced Higher (education) PM
AHPM AeroHydro (CAD vendor) PM
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AHPM Agricultural Holding PM
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AHPM Akademiya Nauk (Russian Academy of Sciences) PM
AHPM Albert Heijn PM
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AHPM Alternate History (fiction genre) PM
AHPM Alyson Hannigan (actress) PM
AHPM American Health (journal) PM
AHPM American Honda Motor Co., Inc. PM
AHPM Amphipathic Helix PM
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AHPM Anchorhead (gaming, Star Wars Galaxies) PM
AHPM Anfernee Hardaway (basketball player) PM
AHPM Angela Hewitt (classical pianist) PM
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AHPM Animal House (movie) PM
AHPM AnimeHeaven (IRC) PM
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AHPM Antihistamines PM
AHPM Apocalyptic Harbingers (gaming clan) PM
AHPM Applicant's Handbook PM
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AHPM Hospital Ship PM
AHPM American Human Potential Movement
The Human Potential Movement (HPM) arose out of the social and intellectual
milieu of the 1960s and formed around the concept of cultivating of
extraordinary potential that its advocates believed to lie largely untapped in
most people. The movement took as its premise the belief that through the
development of "human potential", humans can experience an exceptional quality
of life filled with happiness, creativity, and fulfillment. As a corollary,
those who begin to unleash this assumed potential often find themselves
directing their actions within society towards helping others release their
potential. Adherents believe that the net effect of individuals cultivating
their potential will bring about positive social change at large.
Roots
The movement has its conceptual roots in existentialism and humanism. Its
emergence linked to humanistic psychology, also known as the "3rd force" in
psychology (after psychoanalysis and behaviorism, and before the "4th force" of
transpersonal psychology — which emphasizes esoteric, psychic, mystical, and
spiritual development). Some commentators consider the HPM synonymous with
humanistic psychology. The movement views Abraham Maslow's idea of
self-actualization as the supreme expression of a human's life.
Some sources credit the name "Human Potential Movement" to George Leonard (see
Esalen below).
Relationship to other fields
Commentators sometimes classify the human potential movement as coming under the
broader umbrella of the New Age movement. HPM distinguishes itself ideologically
from other New Age trends by an emphasis on the individual development of
secular human capabilities — as opposed to the more spiritual New Age views.
However, participants rarely make this distinction, and most who embrace the
ideas of the human potential movement also tend to embrace the other more
spiritual ideas within the New Age movement.
Christopher Lasch notes the impact of the human potential movement via the
therapeutic sector:
The new therapies spawned by the human potential movement, according to Peter
Marin, teach that "the individual will is all powerful and totally determines
one's fate"; thus they intensify the "isolation of the self." [1]
The HPM in many ways functioned as the progenitor of the contemporary industry
surrounding personal growth and self-help.
Esalen
Michael Murphy and Dick Price founded the Esalen Institute in 1962, primarily as
a center for the study and development of human potential, and some people
continue to regard Esalen as the geographical center of the movement today.
Aldous Huxley gave lectures on the "Human Potential" at Esalen in the early
1960s and some people consider his ideas too as fundamental to the movement.
George Leonard, a magazine writer and editor who conducted research for an
article on human potential, became an important early influence on Esalen.
Leonard claims that he came up with the phrase "Human Potential Movement" during
a brainstorming session with Murphy. He and Murphy then popularized the idea in
bestselling books. Leonard has worked closely with the Esalen Institute ever
since and in 2005 served as its president.
Criticism
The movement has received criticism in two forms.
Pseudoscience/psychobabble
The first class of criticism of the HPM comes from researchers in psychology,
medicine, and science, who often dismiss the movement as grounded in
pseudoscience and overusing psychobabble. Such critics regard any efficacy as
explicable entirely as a placebo. Richard Feynman's response to his visit to
Esalen expressed this sort of criticism.
AHPM Alleged failure to achieve goals
The second criticism of the HPM comes from those who, though often considered
sympathetic to the movement, nevertheless believe that the HPM has not succeeded
in its goals, but has instead created an environment that actually inhibits
personal development. Such critics may claim that the HPM encourages childish
narcissism by reinforcing the behavior of focusing on one's problems and
expressing how one feels, rather than encouraging behaviors to overcome these
problems. One can view this criticism in the terms of Maslow's hierarchy of
needs. This analysis characterizes the failure as an exclusive focus on helping
individuals fulfill their "Deficit Needs", without moving individuals up the
hierarchy to "Being Needs" (self-actualization).
An extension of this criticism claims that this problem stems from a flawed
foundation of the movement altogether — the focus on the individual's own
development as supreme, to the detriment of the consideration of others and
society (i.e. victim-blaming, underestimating forces of oppression, or feelings
of apathy towards large-scale social problems.)
Sonia Choquette, Wayne Dyer, Deepak Chopra and others have responded to this
criticism by suggesting that individuals consider putting their individual
development in the hands of the divine as a means to better others and society.
Such an approach implies the invalidity of the criticism on the grounds that the
movement, for the most part, guides itself by extrinsic consideration for the
highest good of all beings on the planet.
Allied Health Professions Medical
Allied health professions are clinical healthcare professions distinct from the
medical and nursing. As the name implies, they are allies in a healthcare team,
working together to make the healthcare system function.
Depending on the country and local healthcare system, some of the following
professions (professional areas) may be represented, and may be regulated:
* athletic training,
* audiology,
* bioengineering,
* biomedical science,
* chiropody,
* dental hygiene,
* diagnostic medical sonography,
* electrocardiographic technicians,
* hemodialysis technicians,
* kinesiotherapy,
* massage therapy,
* medical assistants ,
* medical coders and billers,
* Medical Laboratory Technicians (MLT),
* medical physics,
* medical secretaries,
* Medical Technologists (MT),
* nuclear medicine technology,
* nutrition and dietetics,
* occupational therapy,
* optometry,
* phlebotomy,
* physical therapy,
* radiation therapy,
* radiography,
* radiological technology,
* respiratory therapy,
* speech therapy, and
* ultrasound.
* Medical Transcription
All professionals/professional areas ascribed before belong to the ever growing
group of allied health professionals and their subspecialties. The precise
titles and roles in the allied health professions may vary considerably from
country to country.
The explosion of scientific knowledge that followed World War II brought
increasingly sophisticated and complex medical diagnostic and treatment
procedures. In addition, increasing medical and healthcare costs provoked a
trend away from treating patients in hospitals toward the provision of care in
physician's private and group practices, and ambulatory medical and emergency
clinics. What followed was an increase in the need for expertly trained
healthcare delivery personnel.
Because their job descriptions become more specialized, they must adhere to
national training and education standards, their professional scope of practice,
and often prove their skills through diplomas, certified credentials, and
continuing education. Members of the allied health professions must be
proficient in the use of many skills. Some of which are medical terminology,
acronym and spelling, basics of medical law and ethics, understanding of human
relations, interpersonal communication skills, counseling skills, computer
literacy, ability to document healthcare information, interviewing skills, and
proficiency in word processing, database management and electronic dictation.
AHPM American Home Product Medicine
Wyeth,formally known as American Home Products (AHP), is one of the largest
pharmaceutical companies in the world. Corporate headquarters are in Madison,
New Jersey, but its pharmaceutical division, which comprises the bulk of Wyeth's
revenue and profits, is run out of Collegeville, Pennsylvania, a suburb of
Philadelphia. They are known for manufacturing the over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
Robitussin and the analgesic Advil (ibuprofen), as well as the prescription
drugs Premarin and Effexor, which both boast over $3 billion in sales annually.
History
1860–1899
In 1860, pharmacists John and Frank Wyeth opened a drugstore with a small
research lab. In 1862, on the suggestion of doctors, they began to manufacture
large quantities of commonly ordered medicines. They were successful, and in
1864 they began supplying medicines and beef extract to the Union army during
the Civil War.
In 1872, Henry Bower, an employee of Wyeth, developed one of the first rotary
compressed tablet machines in the United States. This enabled the mass
production of medicines with unprecedented precision and speed. It was massively
successful, and the Wyeth brothers won multiple awards at the Centennial
Exhibition. In 1883, Wyeth opened its first foreign facility in Montreal, Canada
and began vaccine production. Six years later, a fire destroyed the brothers'
original Walnut Street store; the brothers sold the retail business and began
focusing on mass-production.
1900–1929
John Wyeth died in 1907 and his only son, Stuart, became the company's
president. American Home Products, the holding company now known as Wyeth, was
incorporated on February 4th, 1926. The Whitehall building in downtown Manhattan
became the corporation's first headquarters. Global sales became stronger due to
the sales of Wyeth's Kolynos brand of toothpaste. In 1929, Stuart Wyeth died and
left controlling interest to Harvard University.
1930–1949
In 1930, Wyeth purchased Anacin, a product for tension headaches which quickly
became the company's flagship product. One year later, Harvard sold Wyeth back
to American Home Products for $2.9 million.
In 1935, Alvin G. Brush, a Certified Public Accountant, became CEO of the entire
organization and would serve for thirty years. Under Brush's leadership, 34 new
companies were acquired in the next fifteen years, including Chef Boyardee and
the S.M.A. Corporation, a pharmaceutical firm specializing in innovative infant
formulas. Wyeth also made its first licensing deal, acquiring an antibiotic for
arthritis vaccine research.
In 1941, the United States entered World War II, and Wyeth shipped typical
wartime drugs such as sulfa bacteriostatics, blood plasma, typhus vaccine,
quinine, and atabrine tablets. Wyeth was later rewarded for its contribution to
the war effort. During this time, Wyeth launched its penicillin research
facility with G. Raymond Rettew.
In 1943, Wyeth purchased G. Washington Coffee Refining Company, an instant
coffee company created by George Washington.
In 1943, Wyeth merged with Ayerst, McKenna and Harrison, Ltd. of Canada. With
this merger came Premarin, the world's first conjugated estrogen medicine, which
to this day is one of Wyeth's flagship products. Wyeth was one of 22 companies
selected by the government in 1944 to manufacture penicillin for the military,
and later for the general public.
In 1945, Wyeth acquired the Fort Dodge Serum Company, thus entering the animal
health field, in which they are still active to this day.
1950–1969
In 1951, Wyeth launched Antabuse, a drug for the treatment of alcoholism, as
well as the antihistamine Phenergan. Ansolyen was launched the next year as a
high blood pressure medication. The anticonvulsant Mysoline was introduced in
1954. Other drugs introduced during this time include Isordil, a vasodilator for
treatment of angina, Dryvax, a freeze-dried smallpox vaccine, and Ovral, a
combined oral contraceptive pill. Pharmaceuticals were generating an
ever-increasing percentage of Wyeth's sales.
Wyeth became a leading US vaccine producer after supplying polio vaccine for
Salk trials. The corporate headquarters were moved to Radnor, Pennsylvania,
where they remained until 2003. William F. Laporte became the Chairman and
President of AHP in 1965, and served until 1981.
The World Health Organization initiated the Global Smallpox Eradication Program
in 1967, and approached Wyeth to develop a better injection system for smallpox
vaccines which could be used in the field. Wyeth waived patent royalties on its
innovative bifurcated needle, aiding in the delivery of over 200 million
smallpox vaccines per year.
1970–1989
Wyeth's oral contraceptives became extremely popular in the US. John W. Culligan,
after becoming Chairman and CEO in 1981, spun off less profitable lines and
focused resources on consumer and prescription drugs. Wyeth made history in 1984
with the introduction of Advil, the first nonprescription ibuprofen in America,
as well as the most famous prescription-to-OTC switch in history.
John R. Stafford became CEO and Chairman in 1986. He completed the divestiture
of non-core businesses such as household products, foods, and candy. Wyeth and
Ayerst merged to form Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, thus strengthening and
consolidating Wyeth's pharmaceutical operations.
In the late 1980s, Wyeth acquired the animal health businesses of Bristol-Myers
and Parke-Davis. Wyeth also acquired A.H. Robins, makers of Robitussin,
ChapStick, Dimetapp, and the Dalkon Shield.
1990–1999
Premarin becomes the #1 prescribed drug in the US in 1993. Effexor (venlafaxine
HCl), the first serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is
introduced for the treatment of depression and is later indicated for
generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder.
In 1993 Wyeth founded the Women's Health Research Institute, the only institute
in the pharmaceutical industry entirely dedicated to reasearch in women's
health. The Institute conducts trials in menopausal issues, endometriosis,
contraception, and more.
In 1994 Wyeth acquired American Cyanamid and its subsidiary Lederle
Laboratories. This acquisition brought the Lederle Praxis vaccines, new research
and development capacity, and Centrum, the leading US multivitamin. Wyeth's
sales topped $13 billion in 1995; two years later, Premarin became the company's
first brand to reach $1 billion in sales.
In 1995 Wyeth acquired the animal health division of Solvay, which was folded
into Fort Dodge Animal Health. The acquisition gave Fort Dodge Animal Health
strong market presence in Europe and Asia as well as expanding its product
portfolio to include swine and poultry vaccines.
In 1997 Wyeth's controversial diet drug fenfluramine was taken off the market by
the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) after several reports of deaths and
other health problems associated with the drug combination known as fen-phen
occurred.
In 1998 American Home Products was left at the altar by British pharma
powerhouse SmithKline Beecham, who pulled the plug on the estimated $70 billion
merger. The deal was reportedly killed in response to British regulators who
feared losing jobs to a proposed US headquarters location. (SmithKline Beecham
merged with fellow Brit Glaxo Wellcome in 1999 to form the world's leading drug
company.) This was the start of a three-year losing streak in the mergers and
acquisitions game for AHP.
In 1999 another American Home Products merger fell through, this time a proposed
$34 billion merger-of-equals with chemical and biotech manufacturer Monsanto.
Though the companies issued a combined statement saying the breakup was mutual
"because (the deal) was not in the best interests of shareholders," rumors
circulated that AHP had canceled the deal due to issues in the
soon-to-be-combined boardroom. (Monsanto announced in December of 1999 that it
would merge with Pharmacia & Upjohn instead; the new conglomerate eventually
unloaded Monsanto again, before being bought themselves by Pfizer in 2003.)
2000–present
* In 2000 American Home Products lost a $65 billion friendly takeover bid for
rival drug company Warner-Lambert in their most dramatic merger loss yet. After
the merger announcement, Pfizer offered a competing hostile bid, primarily to
save their half of a Lipitor joint venture with Warner (at the time the #1
prescription drug in the world). At one point talks were under way in which
Procter & Gamble would help by buying both companies in a wild three-way merger,
a rumor which cost P&G a 10% drop in its stock price. Eventually, despite both
CEOs going on tour to defend the deal to shareholders, Pfizer won Warner-Lambert
and formed the second largest drug company in the world, while AHP had to settle
for a $1.8 billion poison pill payment.
* Robert Essner, the company's current CEO, was appointed in 2001.
* In 2002, American Home Products changed its name to Wyeth, having spun off
unrelated businesses in order to focus on pharmaceuticals.
* After large-scale scientific trials showed that long-term use of Prempro may
increase risks of strokes, heart attacks, blood clots, and breast cancer, Wyeth
experienced a significant decline in its sales of Premarin, Prempro (conjugated
equine estrogens) and related hormones, from over $2 billion in 2002 to
$880,000,000 in 2004.http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/sepp/2006/01/31/wyeth_asks_fda_prohibit_bioidentical_hormones.htm
The results from the study were alarming enough that the trials were terminated
due to a fear that their participants may be at risk. Although it is a
corporation, Wyeth subsequently filed a 'citizens complaint' with the FDA on
October 16, 2005, requesting that the US FDA prohibit pharmacies from providing
bio-identical hormones to their patients. If honored, the request would undercut
competitors, primarily those engaged in alternative medicine. See Hormone
replacement therapy.
* The European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection blamed the
presence of illegal steroids in the food supply on "fraudulent exchange and
disposal of pharmaceutical waste". A Wyeth factory disposing of the byproducts
from synthetic progesterone manufacture was the source of the contamination.
http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn2551
* In 2003 Wyeth reportedly contributed funds to a not-for-profit support group,
The Meningitis Centre, which lobbies the Australian Government to introduce
universal immunisation against pneumococcal disease.http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/21/1071941610958.html.
Wyeth produces the only pneumococcal vaccine approved for young children in
Australia.
Divisions
Wyeth Consumer Healthcare
Wyeth Consumer Healthcare (formerly Whitehall-Robins Consumer Healthcare)
operates in over 65 countries. The division had sales of $2.5 billion in 2004
and is the fifth largest over-the-counter health products company in the world.
Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, formerly Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, is the original
company founded by the Wyeth brothers, originally known as John Wyeth and
Brother. They focus on the research, develop, and marketing of prescription
drugs. The pharmaceuticals division is further subdivided into five
subdivisions: Wyeth Research, Prescription Products, Biotech, Vaccines, and
Nutritionals.
Fort Dodge Animal Health
Fort Dodge Animal Health was founded in 1912 as "Fort Dodge Serum Company". The
company was established in Fort Dodge, Iowa, to manufacture hog cholera serum.
It became a division of American Home Products (now Wyeth) in 1945. They are a
leading manufacturer of prescription and over-the-counter vaccines and
pharmaceuticals for veterinary medicine as well as livestock. Its global
headquarters are located in Overland Park, Kansas.
Innovative Fort Dodge products include West Nile-Innovator, Duramune Adult,
CYDECTIN Pour-on, the Pyramid vaccine line, Quest Gel, and EtoGesic Tablets.
Products
Wyeth Consumer Healthcare Products
* Advil
* Advil PM
* Alavert
* Caltrate
* Centrum
* ChapStick
* Dimetapp
* Dristan
* Preparation H
* Robitussin
Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Products
* (US) Product list
* Premarin (conjugated estrogen tablets) — Estrogen HRT for menopausal women
* Premarin Vaginal Cream (conjugated estrogens) indicated to treat vaginal
dryness at menopause
* Effexor XR (venlafaxine HCl) — an SNRI for clinical depression, Generalized
Anxiety Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder
* Ativan (lorazepam) — a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and
certain seizures
* Protonix (pantoprazole) — a proton pump inhibitor for treating dyspepsia,
duodenal ulcers and Oesophagitis
* Enbrel (etanercept) — a drug approved for Psoriasis and various forms of
Rheumatoid Arthritis
* Torisel (temsirolimus) — a drug approved for the treatment of Renal Cell
Carcinoma (a type of cancer).
* Tygacil (tigecycline) — an antibiotic developed for treatment of infections
such as MRSA
* Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam) — another intravenous antibiotic used mainly
in intensive care medicine. Also known as Tazocin in some countries.
Fort Dodge Animal Health Products
* Barricade
* Biodectin Sheep Vaccine and wormer (moxidectin)
* Bursine-2/Bursine Plus/Bursine K Poultry Vaccines
* Cefa-Lak/Cefa-Dri
* CYDECTIN (moxidectin)
* Dicural
* Duramune Dog Vaccines
* Duvaxyn Horse Vaccines
* EtoGesic Tablets
* Ewegaurd Sheep Vaccine and wormer (moxidectin)
* Fel-O-Guard Cat Vaccines
* Fel-O-Vax Cat Vaccines
* Fluvac Innovator Horse Vaccine
* GiardiaVax Dog Vaccine
* Ketaset
* LeptoVax Dog Vaccine
* LymeVax Dog Vaccine
* Nolvasan
* PestVac Pig Vaccine
* Pinnacle I.N. Horse Vaccine
* Pneumobort Horse Vaccine
* Polyflex
* Poulvac Poultry Vaccines
* Presponse Cattle Vaccines
* Proheart 6/Proheart SR-12 (moxidectin) Heartworm preventative
* Provac Poultry Vaccines
* PYRAMID Cattle Vaccines
* Quest/Equest Gel (moxidectin)
* Rabon Ear Tags for Cattle
* Rabvac Rabies Vaccine for Dogs
* Supona
* Suvaxyn Pig Vaccines
* Synanthic
* SYNOVEX Implants
* Telazol
* ToDAY/ToMORROW
* Torbugesic-SA
* Triangle Cattle Vaccines
* TriReo Poultry Vaccine
* Vetdectin (moxidectin) (New Zealand)
* Weanergaurd Sheep Vaccine and wormer (moxidectin)
* Websters Cattle, Sheep and Poultry Vaccines (Australia)
* West Nile Innovater Horse Vaccine
Prevnar
On 1 July, 2006, Wyeth launched Prevnar — its international vaccine for Invasive
Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) — in India. Prevnar is the first and only
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for infants and children which protects against
pneumococcal disease like meningitis, bacterial pneumonia, septicaemia and
bacteraemia (bacteria in the blood.)
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